Leading spinal researcher develops new tissue regeneration approaches for back pain
Karin Wuertz-Kozak described her lab test equipment as a gym for cells.
Stretching and compressions tests using bioreactors—her lab equipment—can make a difference in understanding how cells respond to mechanical cues and how that affects disease progression, specifically for spinal disc degeneration, common to millions of Americans.
Wuertz-Kozak, a faculty-researcher at Rochester Institute of Technology, is contributing expertise in biomedical engineering and pharmacology to regional and national collaborations toward solving disc degeneration. It is an expensive condition that results in lost mobility and worktime as well as an economic burden in the U.S. of nearly $134 billion, according to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.
High physical activity or obesity contributes to back pain and spinal degeneration. What is not so well known is exactly how mechanical signals produce changes in cells that lead to degeneration. Wuertz-Kozak is exploring this aspect, specifically the link between mechanical loading, disc degeneration, inflammation in the disc, and back pain.
Provided by K. Wuertz-Kozak
Spinal disc degeneration and back pain is a condition that results in lost mobility and worktime for individuals, as well as an economic burden in the U.S. in the millions.
“We have bio-reactors in our lab that simulate mechanical loads on the body, but in a scaled-down version. The bioreactor used can compress and stretch cells. It sounds a little bit medieval,” said Wuertz-Kozak, the Kate Gleason Endowed Professor in RIT’s Department of Biomedical Engineering. She brings an eclectic background to her work with experience in pharmacology, biomechanics, biomedical engineering and biology. Her clinical collaborations are world-wide, spanning locally with the University of Rochester to Fukushima Medical University in Japan.
Receiving nearly $2 million in funding since she came to RIT three years ago, and building upon career funding and research prior to arriving, her goals are to better understand disc degeneration at the cellular level and to develop novel, non-invasive solutions for spinal care.
Her work on the role and effects of mechanical loading in the context of back pain builds on previous research funded by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation in which she studied transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the disc. The work now continues with a recent award through the National Institutes of Health to fund an investigation of the transient receptor potential channels V4 (TRPV4) in intervertebral disc mechanotransduction— the cells’ ability to sense stimuli and convert signals to biological processes.
Provided by K. Wuertz-Kozak
Extracellular vesicles are derived from stem cells and are a promising option to help regenerate damaged spinal disc cells.
“Mechanical loading is not just stretching due to physical activity, there are different mechanical aspects that the cells will sense,” she said. “Changes in the stiffness or topography of the extracellular matrix, which happen during degeneration and ageing, will also constitute a mechanical signal, and might alter the cellular response to physical activity.
“Our stretching and compression bioreactors help us to understand how cells respond to mechanical cues and how that affects disease progression. In the past, we were able to show that stretching of cells at high magnitudes leads to inflammation in the disc, which is suspected to be a main contributor to disc-related back pain.”
Understanding sources of chronic inflammation can give clues to relieving disc-related back pain and is a crucial part of developing novel, molecular treatment options for patients. One promising approach to modulate and control tissue inflammation and induce regeneration is through stem cells. Although stem cells have proven successful in the regeneration of many tissues, the intervertebral disc constitutes a drastically harsh cell environment, Wuertz-Kozak explained. An alternative is exploring extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from stem cells—bioparticles that carry proteins, lipids, DNA, and various types of RNA.
“Stem cell-derived EVs are thought to contain many of the regenerative goodies that stem cells produce and may thus have great regenerative potential. We currently have two very exciting projects on stem cell derived EVs in the lab, both of which use the CRISPR technology,” she said. “The CRISPR-Cas9 system has generated a lot of excitement in the scientific community as it is a fast, comparatively cheap and very accurate and efficient technology to add, remove, or alter genetic material.”
In one of the projects, Wuertz-Kozak and RIT colleague Thomas Gaborski, professor of biomedical engineering, are collaborating with Zhen Ma, associate professor of engineering at Syracuse University on developing a biomanufacturing process to increase the quantity of EVs produced by stem cells. Cross-disciplinary in nature, the project team also includes Aslan Dehghani ’21 Ph.D. (microsystems engineering), a lead EV scientist and bioengineer at Sartorius, an international bio-separation firm.
“This project is a perfect example of how collaborative the work environment in the biomedical engineering department is,” says Wuertz-Kozak, who leads the Tissue Regeneration and Mechanobiology Lab in RIT’s Kate Gleason College of Engineering. The lab focuses on cell and molecular biology, with applications to improve patient care, to understand disease better and to offer new treatment options.
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- RIT students to pursue abroad opportunities through international fellowships and scholarshipsA record number of RIT students has been awarded the Benjamin A. Gilman International Scholarship to pursue cultural exchanges and research opportunities abroad. “We are so pleased that our talented students continue to be recognized by earning these distinguished fellowships and scholarships,” said Jenny Sullivan, director of Education Abroad and International Fellowships. “This is a testament to the high level of dedication and commitment to their studies, as well as the importance of immersing oneself in different cultures and learning environments. These experiences will undoubtedly contribute to their short-term and long-term successes.” The Benjamin A. Gilman International Scholarship from the U.S. Department of State is a competitive, merit-based scholarship that allows U.S. students to gain proficiency in a variety of languages and cultures, skills that are important to their academic and career development. This year’s Gilman scholars studying in Japan are Jeremiah Henderson, an applied modern languages and culture – Japanese option major; Ignacio De Orbe, a game design and development major; Samir Samal, a computing exploration option major; Lilly Anastasia Radon, a game design and development major; and Emily Francisco, a computer engineering technology major. Gilman scholars studying in Croatia are Joshua VanNostrand, a management information systems major; Louis Jon LaGambino, a mechanical engineering technology major; Mamadou D’Elhadj Bah, a web and mobile computing major; Breanna Litviak, a hospitality and tourism management and marketing major; and Kelsey Luke, a new media design and computational mathematics major. Jaimison Grimes, an industrial design major, and Ashley Locatelli, a cybersecurity major, will study in Italy; and Delana Perkins, a civil engineering technology major, will study in Greece. Additionally, several students have been awarded other prestigious international fellowships and scholarships. The DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst) Research Internships for Science and Engineering assists students with research in Germany. This program is an opportunity for students to gain practical research experience and students are paired with a German university and a German Ph.D. student on research projects in the fields of science and engineering. This year’s awardees are Nicholas Atteck, a biomedical engineering major, and Anna Piccione, an artificial intelligence MS major. The Critical Language Scholarship is awarded to undergraduate students to help fund a language-intensive study abroad program for one semester. This year’s recipient is Ava Inkseep, a cybersecurity and applied modern language and culture – Chinese option double major, who will study Chinese language through Dalian University of Technology in China. The Fulbright Canada Mitacs Globalink fellowship program gives U.S. students the chance to be part of a 10- to 12-week research summer internship under the supervision of Canadian university faculty members in a variety of academic disciplines including science, engineering, mathematics, humanities, and social sciences. This year’s participants are Ezra Bernstein, a computer science major; Jacqueline Driehaus, an environmental science major; Victoria Prendergast, a biomedical engineering major; Leah Robinson, a biotechnology and molecular bioscience major; and Valentine Webster, a psychology major.
- Twelve seniors at partner high school headed to RITRIT’s partnership with Rochester Prep High School has reached a milestone this year as the 10th class of students prepares to graduate. This year, 100 students will graduate from RPHS, and 12 of them will attend RIT as Destler/Johnson Rochester City Scholars, to study biochemistry, engineering, photography, computer science, and other disciplines. The seniors shared their future plans with the community at a May 23 event at the high school. In addition to RIT, students will attend Boston College, Johns Hopkins University, University of Notre Dame, and Wellesley College, among many others in New York and out of state. Kadence Wilson, the student-elected speaker at the event, has enrolled in RIT’s biomedical engineering program. “When I came to Rochester Prep, every year we’d go to RIT to see faculty and to see what they were doing,” Wilson said. “I was in the STEP program, and I did the Capstone project. When I go to RIT, I already know what to expect.” Counting the Class of 2025, RPHS will have graduated 613 students during the last decade. According to Rachel Dominic, director of College Counseling at RPHS, 67 students have enrolled at RIT since the first graduating class in 2018.Pete Schuck/RIT Photo Rochester Prep High School senior Evangeline Simmons will study English at RIT in the fall. Those numbers are bound to rise with the incoming class of 270 ninth graders. The growth spurt results from Rochester Prep expanding to three middle schools. Jeff Allen, RPHS director of operations, said the staff will grow from 59 to 75 to accommodate the influx. RIT’s support through the K-12 University Center has given students on-campus experiences and has fostered opportunities for them to sit in college classrooms and conduct research with faculty and RIT students through the Capstone program, and for a few, to co-author three research papers with faculty. RIT’s partnership has helped students conceptualize college, according to Allen. “To have those experiences is incredible.” In 2013, RIT Board of Trustee member Ronald L. Zarrella funded the partnership between RIT and Rochester Prep High School to increase the number of Rochester city students who attend college and complete their bachelor’s degree. The public charter school, managed by the Uncommon Schools charter network, opened for the 2014-2015 academic year.
- RIT named a top 5 university to study game designRochester Institute of Technology has been recognized as one of the best game design colleges in the nation. RIT was ranked No. 5 on the Animation Career Review list of Top 50 Game Design Schools and Colleges in the U.S. and No. 2 in New York state. The 2025 rankings considered more than 150 colleges with game design programs. The annual rankings are created by Animation Career Review, an online resource for aspiring animation, game design and development, graphic design, and digital art professionals. The list also named RIT the No. 3 game design master’s degree program, No. 4 bachelor’s degree program, No. 4 private school in the nation, and No. 3 game design school on the East Coast. “RIT Games involves a growing portfolio of game-related academic programs and opportunities for students to explore all aspects of games,” said David Schwartz, director of RIT’s School of Interactive Games and Media (IGM). “We specialize in game development and game design in computing and the arts. We also offer opportunities that apply in many other industries.” Animation Career Review noted that RIT offers several paths for aspiring game designers. Future game-makers can choose between 12 bachelor’s degrees, a four master’s degrees, minors, and an accelerated five-year BS/MS option. In classes, students explore animation, interactive media, user interaction, and math, in addition to electives that specialize in narrative, engines, audio, and graphics.In Echoes in the Mist, players are the last remaining knight in a dark overrun seaport. RIT students created the game as part of a game design and development master’s capstone course and plan to continue development for release on Steam. The ranking also highlights RIT’s emphasis on experiential learning experiences that provide students with an opportunity to learn on the job in real-world industry settings. With help from the cooperative education program, graduates of RIT’s game design and development programs have started careers at companies including Electronic Arts, Cartoon Network, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Google, and Microsoft. The university offers Creative Industry Days—a series of networking events with major companies and studios, where students can engage in panel discussions and portfolio reviews. Participating companies have included Walt Disney, Epic Games, and Adobe. Many students, alumni, and indie developers from the Greater Rochester area go on to develop and publish their games through RIT’s MAGIC Spell Studios. The studio also has a growing portfolio of client work that provides students with the opportunity to work on professional projects before they graduate. The Animation Career Review 2025 Game Design Rankings website has the complete game design school rankings. The ranking looked at academic reputation, employment data, admission selectivity, depth and breadth of programs, value as it relates to tuition and indebtedness, graduation rate, and retention rate. Learn more about RIT’s offerings in Game Design, Development, and Arts.
- Saunders College of Business at RIT will recognize alumnus James G. Gould with 2025 Vanden Brul AwardJames G. Gould, president and co-founder of Alesco Advisors LLC and an RIT alumnus, has been named as the 2025 recipient of the Herbert W. Vanden Brul Entrepreneurial Award, presented by Saunders College of Business at Rochester Institute of Technology. The award, established in 1984, is presented annually to a Rochester-area entrepreneur who has enhanced the regional economy through innovative business leadership. The recipient is selected by a committee of area civic leaders, business leaders, former awardees, and RIT faculty and staff, symbolizing the important connection between RIT and the Rochester business community. Gould will be honored at the Vanden Brul Entrepreneurial Award Luncheon from noon to 1:30 p.m. on Tuesday, June 10, inside the Susan R. Holliday Center on campus. Registration remains open until May 30. Gould, who graduated from RIT with his master’s degree in accounting in 1985, co-founded Alesco in 2000 with a vision to offer objective, fee-only investment advisory services tailored to the needs of institutions and individuals. Under his leadership, the Pittsford-based firm has grown steadily, managing billions in assets for clients across the country, while remaining deeply rooted in Western New York. “I’m proud of what we do for our clients,” Gould said. “Our mission is simple in that we just try to help others. We have a talented group of professionals who enjoy working with one another and with our clients.” Gould added that early credibility was one of the firm’s biggest hurdles, especially having to navigate early troubles like the 2000 dot-com crash and the 2008 financial crisis. “There’s always a gap you have to bridge when you’re starting from scratch, especially at that time,” said Gould. “But in hindsight it was a blessing in disguise. There were a lot of investors at the time who felt that they were ill-served, and we were able to tell our story and open some doors. Our investment philosophy resonated, and that carried us further than we imagined.” Alesco Advisors operates across three distinct business lines, each designed to meet the unique needs of its clients. The firm’s high-net-worth practice offers personalized wealth management services to individuals and families. Its Outsourced Chief Investment Officer (OCIO) practice supports nonprofit organizations, including endowments and foundations, as well as corporate accounts, by providing strategic investment guidance. Alesco also manages a robust retirement plan business, advising on both defined benefit and defined contribution plans, such as 401(k) and 403(b) programs. Gould and his Alesco team are also widely recognized for their community engagement. Gould served on the boards of many regional nonprofits and educational institutions like ROC2025 (OneROC), Al Sigl Center Foundation, Catholic Charities, and the Greater Rochester Health Foundation. Gould, whose Odessa, N.Y., farm upbringing paved the way for his future success, consistently promotes civic responsibility as an essential part of business leadership. “Our exposure to the not-for-profit community has made us aware of the needs of the communities we serve,” he said. “We see the good work that they’re doing and want to help out with gifts of time and treasure.” Gould said receiving the Vanden Brul Award is considerably humbling and inspiring. “Herbert Vanden Brul was an amazing person,” Gould said. “He was a renaissance man, successful in law, real estate, and communications. And he was very philanthropic. He checks all the boxes of what it means to be a community leader. To be recognized as someone following even part of that path is a tremendous honor.” Prior to founding Alesco Advisors, Gould served in leadership roles at Clover Capital Management, as a sales representative for IBM, and was a financial analyst at Xerox. He resides in Pittsford with his wife, Ann. They have four daughters and 11 grandchildren. Saunders College will also honor three RIT students with the Herbert W. Vanden Brul Student Entrepreneurial Award. This award, established in 2019, recognizes outstanding RIT undergraduate or graduate students who have demonstrated the potential to become successful entrepreneurs. The students will find out their placement of finish at the awards ceremony on June 10.Will Gamroth, a computer science major from Mercer Island, Wash., is the co-founder of Tacoma Web Design and SEO, a web design firm which serves over 34 clients across the United States. He also works as a software engineer intern for FM Global. Benjamin C. Hart, an MBA student from Rochester, N.Y., is the founder of Hart Homes, a real estate investment company focusing on the revitalization of urban Rochester with affordable housing. He also serves as the president of RIT’s Real Estate Club. Joshua Michaels, a marketing major and entrepreneurship minor from Far Rockaway, N.Y., is the founder of OnCall, a digital healthcare platform which connects qualified nurses to nearby healthcare facilities. He also serves as the founder of RIT’s Black Artists & Records Society and the president of the Personal Finance Club. “Jim exemplifies the entrepreneurial spirit, ethical leadership and dedication to the Rochester community that the Vanden Brul Award was created to honor,” said Saunders College Dean Jacqueline Mozrall. “We are also proud to honor Will, Benjamin, and Joshua, for their creativity and work ethic—representing the future of innovation and entrepreneurship." Past Vanden Brul award recipients include Marc Fiore, president and founding owner of Mindex; Dwight “Kip” Palmer, a fifth-generation CEO of Palmer Food Services and the Palmer Family of Companies; Susan R. Holliday ’85 (MBA), former president, publisher, and owner of the Rochester Business Journal; and E. Philip Saunders, Saunders Management Co. Inc., and the namesake of RIT’s Saunders College of Business. Information about the Vanden Brul award is available on the Saunders College website.
- Biomedical engineer integrates AI techniques to improve diagnostic medicineResearchers at Rochester Institute of Technology developed new artificial intelligence techniques to extract and visualize information from standard-of-care biomedical data, providing a means for clinicians to better diagnose diseases and determine interventions. The new techniques could also improve image-guided therapies, including surgeries, and minimize invasive procedures because of these refined imaging details. “The future of medicine is not necessarily about acquiring more data but rather having access to effective tools to make use of the data, and this is where biomedical computing plays a critical role,” said Cristian Linte, professor of biomedical engineering in RIT’s Kate Gleason College of Engineering. “Imaging accounts for the majority of biomedical data has transformed diagnostic and interventional medicine from a subjective, perceptual skill based on physicians’ experience to an objective science driven by large-scale, heterogeneous data.” Computer-integrated diagnosis and therapy is an emerging field dedicated to improving disease detection and treatment. Linte and members of his research team, including Imaging science doctoral students Bipasha Kundu, Bidur Khanal, Zixin Yang, Nakul Poudel, and Richard Simon, detailed results of this work in several publications, including the April 2025 proceedings of SPIE Medical Imaging 2025. Biomedical visualization has evolved from anatomical drawings to a standard tool to aid diagnosis, plan treatment options, and monitor therapy. Before biomedical data can be visualized, the raw biomedical imaging data needs to be processed. Integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medical image analysis has led to significant advances, but several challenges still exist, Linte said. AI models rely on large amounts of expert-annotated data for training, which requires time and expertise of clinicians to curate data. User variability also poses a significant barrier for accurate AI algorithm development. Internal operations and relevance of test data acquired for training of AI models are also not well understood, making predictions difficult to explain. “Many physics-based biomedical models are hampered by their computational expense, which constitutes a major setback to clinical adoption, limiting their use as interactive simulation tools for therapy planning or monitoring,” Linte said. “AI techniques, on the other hand, can learn from large patient-specific datasets, so combining data science with physics-based models has the potential to yield more accurate and more computationally efficient simulations.” Researchers in Linte’s lab have effectively combined biomedical imaging, computing, modeling, and visualization for computer-integrated diagnosis and therapy. They contributed to the development and validation of robust AI computational imaging informatics tools to advance computer-integrated diagnosis and interventional data science by addressing a broad range of diseases, organ systems, and minimally invasive therapy applications. “We believe that effective utilization of biomedical informatics to develop versatile biomedical computing and visualization tools will lead to solutions that enable more accurate and timely disease diagnosis and less invasive therapies. These tools will help lay a foundation for advances in computer-aided diagnosis and therapy across a wide spectrum of diseases and organ systems that can impact a larger patient population,” said Linte, who has a background in mechanical and biomedical engineering as well as imagining science. He teaches in RIT’s engineering college as well as the Chester F. Carlson Center, specifically in the areas of biomechanics and biomedical thermo-fluids and conducts research at the intersection of biomedical imaging, computing, and visualization. Research in Linte’s Biomedical Imaging, Modeling, Visualization and Image-guided Navigation Laboratory is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation. Its research focus remains on biomedical artificial intelligence tools for diagnostic and intervention data science. Most recently, he was awarded nearly $2.4 million by the NIH for a five-year competitive renewal of the research grant on Biomedical Computing and Visualization Tools for Computer-integrated Diagnostic and Therapeutic Data Science to support innovation, training, and mentorship of graduate and undergraduate students in the lab, many of whom have gone on to serve in prestigious national labs, hospitals, and research organizations. “Mentoring and training high caliber students who will join tomorrow’s biomedical and academic workforce constitutes by far the greatest impact of our careers as academics and scientists and we’re thrilled to see them succeed,” said Linte.
- RIT expands global presence with location in Tirana, AlbaniaRIT’s worldwide reach continues to grow with a new global location in Tirana, Albania. The expansion was announced at a launch event in the capital city. RIT Tirana will feature two bachelor of science degrees, computing information technology and electrical engineering technology, when it hosts its first classes in fall 2025. The site evolved through a partnership between RIT Kosovo and the Harry Fultz Foundation. “This is not just the launch of a new location for RIT programs; it is the beginning of an exciting journey to provide transformative education and global opportunities for students in this region,” stated Kamal Shahrabi, president of RIT Kosovo. “Through our innovative programs, hands-on learning approach, and strong industry connections, we are equipping students with the skills they need to thrive in an ever-evolving global economy.” In addition to the main campus in Rochester and a growing presence in Los Angeles, RIT has international campuses in Dubai, Croatia, and Kosovo. Global education enriches the RIT community, creating a unified perspective on global challenges and opportunities. “We are delighted to add Albania to our constellation of global locations,” said James Myers, associate provost for International Education and Global Programs. “With 21,300 students in more than 200 career-oriented and professional programs, RIT is internationally recognized and ranked for its leadership in technology, the arts, and design. We are proud of more than 150,000 RIT alumni who come from more than 100 countries.” For more information on RIT’s international opportunities, go to the RIT global website.